오늘날 기업들은 사회적 책임에 관한 중요성을 인식하고 이를 필수적인 기업활동의 한 부분으로 여기고 있다. 그 결과 소비자들로 부터는 선한기업이라는 이미지상의 개선효과를 얻고 있으며 경영적인 측면에서는 기업의 지속가능성에 긍정적인 효과를 얻고 있다. CSR에 관심이 커지던 초창기와는 다르게 최근에는 CSR 수행형태가 다양한 형태로 나타나고 있다. 또한 CSR은 기업내부 이해관계자인 종업원들에게 다양한 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 점들에 착안해 수행되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 크게 두 가지이다. 하나는 종업원의 CSR 참여가 종업원들의 태도 및 행동에 영향을 주는가를 살펴보는 것이고, 다른 하나는 그러한 영향이 어떠한 메커니즘을 통해 나타나는가를 실증적으로 검증하는 것이다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 풀어내기 위해 종업원의 CSR 참여를 독립변수로 사용하였으며, 종업원의 태도 및 행동 변화를 잘 나타내는 조직시민행동(OCB)을 종속변수로 사용하였다. 그리고 양자 간의 메커니즘을 파악하기 위해 조직동일시를 매개변수로 고려하였다. 실증분석을 위한 데이터는 CSR 활동을 수행하고 있는 국내의 대기업 10곳으로부터 수집하였다. 총 300명의 종업원들을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하였으며 이중 242명으로부터 설문지가 회수되었다. 이들 중 결측치가 존재하고 응답의 중심화 경향이 나타난 6부를 제외하고 최종 236명의 유효 표본을 실증연구 분석에 이용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 실증분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 즉 종업원의 CSR 참여는 OCB에 직접적 영향을 주기 보다는 조직동일시라는 매개변수를 통해 간접적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 보다 구체적으로 종업원의 CSR 참여는 OCB의 다섯가지 하위차원 중 양심성을 제외한 이타주의, 공익성, 비불평성, 그리고 공정성과 완전매개효과를 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 종업원의 CSR 참여에 관한 연구는 이론적인 면에서 뿐 아니라 실무적인 면에서도 상당한 의미를 지니고 있음을 시사해준다. 또한 종업원의 CSR 참여에 관한 연구는 CSR에 대한 최근의 흐름을 반영할 뿐만 아니라 기존의 시각을 아우르며 향후 더욱 다양한 연구과제들을 파생할 수 있는 매우 흥미로운 주제로 판단된다.
Currently, CSR of corporate are perceived as necessary activities. Many companies have gotten the benefits that they obtain good image and human resources. However, the companies have repeatedly performed simple activity such as donation so that they also received a criticism that they and their activities are cheesy. Thus, recently, companies are starting to change the way and content of CSR for showing their authenticity of the activities. For examples, employees directly participate the campaign that help poor people or improve environments of social and nature. The number of companies participating these CSR activities increase steadily. Interestingly, the stream of studies of CSR is consistent with the flow of CSR activities. In other words, CSR researchers of these days focus on the different consequent effects between simple CSR activity of old and participative CSR activity of new. Moreover, they are also starting to be concerned to the new influenced factor by CSR participation of employees. On the other hand, generally, studies of CSR have conducted the analysis in the framework of enterprise level. These studies are having weak point that they don’t capture the effect on the person, not on the organizations. Although, there are some studies focusing on the employees, they are just concerned about passive responses of employees. The effects of active participation of employees are rarely studied by researchers. Based on the above considerations, this study intends to examine the relationship between CSR participation and employees’ active responses. We are employing the concept of OCB as the active responses of employees. OCB is the representative concept of employees’ positive activities. OCB has the special feature that this behavior is performed by voluntary intention which is called as discretionary. This behavior is unrecognized by formal reward system but it has the positive effect on the organizations with accumulation. On this context, we examine the relationship between active CSR participation of employees and the level of their OCB so that we intend to complement the weak point of existing studies of CSR. To fulfill this research gap, this study examines the relationship between employees’ CSR participation and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This research treated OCB as one concept of the aggregate of its dimensions, but concerned all five dimensions each. This is due to differences among the features of each dimension of OCB. Furthermore, this paper investigates the mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between CSR participation and OCB. Because, employees who participate CSR activities of their companies have advantages on understanding their organizations’ social values and intentions to harmonize with their social environments. Drawing on data collected from 236 employees in 10 Korean firms that are listed on the korean stock market, results demonstrate that organizational identification fully mediate the CSR participation and four sub-dimensions of OCB (altruism, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue) except for conscientiousness. As results of analyses, it is shown that CSR participation indirectly affects to the four dimensions of OCB except conscientiousness and organizational identification do a mediating role on the relationship of independent and dependent variables. Specifically, CSR participation are positively related to organizational identification in direct and organizational identification is having the positive effects on the four dimensions of OCB involving altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, sportsmanship. Moreover, the all relations of the four dimensions are complete mediation relationship. Consequently, CSR participation is having on the four dimensions of OCB through organizational identification. This study discusses theoretical and practical implications of these findings and offers research ideas for future studies.