본 연구는 참여적 리더십(participative leadership)이 구성원의 목표몰입(goal commitment)에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 과정에서 발언행동(voice behavior, 제1 조절변수)의 조절작용이 리더신뢰(trust in leader, 제2 조절변수)에 의해 조절되는 조절된 조절효과(moderated moderation)의 메커니즘을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 자기보고형 설문방식의 측정으로 나타날 수 있는 동일방법편의(common method bias)를 해결하기 위하여 종속변수는 시차를 두고 별도로 측정하였고, 직무상황에서 정서상태를 표현해주는 긍정정서와 부정정서를 직급과 함께 통제변수로 채택하였다. 국내 300인 이상 규모의 다양한 업종의 기업에 근무하는 직장인들로부터 획득된 337부의 설문지가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과 참여적 리더십과 발언행동은 각각 목표몰입에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 참여적 리더십이 목표몰입에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 발언행동(제1 조절변수)의 조절효과는 유의하지 않았으나, 참여적 리더십, 발언행동, 그리고 리더신뢰(제2 조절변수)의 3원 상호효과가 목표몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 참여적 리더십과 발언행동 간의 2원 상호작용효과가 리더신뢰에 의해 조절되는 조건부 조절효과(조절된 조절효과)가 확인되었다. 존슨-네이만 방법(Johnson-Neyman Technique)을 활용하여 상호작용을 탐색한 결과 조건부 조절효과는 리더신뢰 수준의 전체 영역 중 상위 86.9%영역에서 유의한 것으로 확인되었고, 하위 13.1% 영역에서는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 M과 W값의 특정값(조합)에서의 X가 Y에 미치는 조건부효과를 살펴본 결과 발언행동의 수준에 따른 조건부효과의 차이는 리더신뢰가 높을수록 증가한다는 것을 확인되었다. 본 연구는 참여적 리더십, 리더신뢰, 발언행동의 3원 상호작용효과를 실증적으로 검증함으로써 상대적으로 연구가 부족했던 참여적 리더십과 목표몰입 간 메커니즘을 심도 있게 규명하였다. 특히 참여적 리더십과 발언행동의 조건부 상호효과에 관하여 리더신뢰의 수준에 따른 유의성 영역(region of significance)을 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 다중조절효과에 관한 심층적인 연구의 가능성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of moderated moderation in which the moderation of voice behavior is moderated by trust-in-leader in the process of participative leadership affecting the goal commitment. Participative leadership is a leadership style in which leaders share problem solving through consultation with members before making decisions(Kahai, Sosik and Avolio, 1997). In an environment where change is rapid and uncertainty increases, it is already over the limit that leaders make all decisions. Because members have more complete knowledge and information about their jobs than managers and are better positioned to address barriers (Cooke, 1994), participative leadership is needed to involve members in decision making and make decisions together. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of moderated moderation in which the moderation of voice behavior is moderated by trust-in-leader in the process of participative leadership affecting the goal commitment. In this study, the dependent variable was measured separately with time lag as a method to alleviate the common method bias that might appear in the self-report questionnaire measurement, and positive emotions and negative emotions expressing emotional states in job situations were employed as the control variables together with the rank. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted. In order to improve the validity of the questionnaire, we conducted a preliminary questionnaire in the second step. This questionnaire, which was divided into two parts, was conducted for two weeks for employees with a boss as employees who work for more than 300 domestic companies such as manufacturing, service, and information and communication industries. Of the collected data, 337 copies were ultimately used, except for those that were deemed inadequate. As a result, participative leadership and voice behavior had a positive (+) influence on goal commitment. In the process of participative leadership affecting goal commitment, the moderating effect of voice behavior (first control variable) was not significant, but the three-way interaction effect of participative leadership, voice behavior, and trust-in-leader (second control variable) is found that there is a significant influence on goal commitment. Therefore, the conditional moderation(moderated moderation) in which the two-way interaction effect between participative leadership and voice behavior was moderated by trust-in-leader was confirmed. As a result of using the Johnson-Neyman Technique, the conditional moderation was found to be significant in the top 86.9% of the total confidence level of trust-in-leader, while the lower 13.1% did not. We also found that the conditional effect of X on Y in a specific value (combination) of M and W was found to be increased with higher trust-in-leader. This study deeply investigated the mechanisms between participative leadership and goal commitment that were relatively lacking in research by empirically verifying the three-way interaction effects of participative leadership, trust-in-leader, and voice behavior. In particular, it is significant that the implications of in-depth research on the multiple regulatory effects are presented by specifically identifying the region of significance of the conditional interaction effects of participative leadership and voice behavior.