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논문 기본 정보

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학술저널
저자정보
조태진 (인하대학교 의학과 기타의약학) 이다현 (인하대학교 의학과 기타의약학) 최보화 (인하대학교) Helen K. Shinn (인하대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학과) 박창신 (인하대학교)
저널정보
대한배뇨장애요실금학회 International Neurourology Journal International Neurourology Journal 제25권 제2호
발행연도
2021.6
수록면
137 - 149 (13page)
DOI
10.5213/inj.2040444.222

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Purpose: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to inhibit cell proliferation or promote cell death, but the details remain unclear. In this study, we propose that AMPK inhibits the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) by relying on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-induced caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression pathway in noninvasive human bladder tumor (RT4) cells. Methods: In cells exposed to a hypoxic environment (0.5% oxygen), the levels of expression and phospho-activity of the relevant signaling enzymes were examined via Western blots and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Results: The level of expression of Cav-1 was very low or undetectable in RT4 cells. Hypoxia was associated with significantly decreased cell growth, along with marked induction of HIF-1α and Cav-1 expression; additionally, it suppressed the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 while leaving AMPK activity unchanged. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α acts as a transcription factor for Cav-1 mRNA gene expression. The cell growth and Bcl-2 expression suppressed under hypoxia were reversed along with decreases in the induced HIF-1α and Cav-1 levels by AMPK activation with metformin (1mM) or phenformin (0.1mM). In addition, pretreatment with AMPK small interfering RNA not only increased the hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and Cav-1, but also reversed the suppression of Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that HIF-1α and Cav-1 expression in hypoxic environments is regulated by basal AMPK activity; therefore, the inhibition of Bcl-2 expression cannot be expected when AMPK activity is suppressed, even if Cav-1 expression is elevated. Conclusions: For the first time, we find that AMPK activation can regulate HIF-1α induction as well as HIF-1α-induced Cav- 1 expression, and the hypoxia-induced inhibitory effect on the antiapoptotic pathway in RT4 cells is due to Cav-1-dependent AMPK activity.

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