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Background: Anemia is a major risk factor that contributes to mortality in patientswith chronic kidney disease. There is controversy over the optimal hemoglobin (Hb)target in these patients. This study investigated the association between Hb leveland mortality in a cohort of hemodialysis (HD) patients in Korea. Methods: This study was a multicenter prospective observational study of maintenanceHD patients that was performed for 5 years in western Seoul, Korea. Threehundred and sixty-two participants were enrolled. Laboratory values and mortalitywere accessed every 6 months. Repeated measures of laboratory values in eachinterval were averaged to obtain one semiannual mean value. The Hb values weredivided into six groups: (1) Hbo9 g/dL; (2) 9 g/dLrHbo10 g/dL; (3) 10 g/dLrHbo11 g/dL; (4) 11 g/dLrHbo12 g/dL; (5) 12 g/dLrHbo13 g/dL; and (6)HbZ13 g/dL. We analyzed the odds ratio for all-cause mortality, based on the Hbgroup, and adjusted for demographics and various laboratory values. Statistics wereperformed with SAS, version 9.1 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Mortality odds ratios relative to the reference group (10–11 g/dL) in the fullyadjusted model were 3.61 foro9 g/dL; 3.17 for 9–10 g/dLn; 4.65 for 11–12 g/dLn; 5.50for 12–13 g/dLn; and 2.05 forZ13 g/dL (n indicates Po0.05). Conclusion: In this study, a Hb level of 10–11 g/dL was associated with the lowestmortality among the groups with Hb levelo13 g/dL. Larger interventional trials arewarranted to determine the optimal Hb target for Korean HD patients.

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