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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 한국역사연구회 역사와현실 역사와 현실 제126호
- 발행연도
- 2022.12
- 수록면
- 327 - 366 (40page)
- DOI
- 10.35865/YWH.2022.12.126.327
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초록· 키워드
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The purpose of this article is to determine the true nature and meaning of the so-called “Joseon-Russia Secret Agreement,” which was an important turning point in the Joseon-Russia relationship, in the wake of the Joseon ports’ opening to the outer world. After the Gabshin-year Revolt(甲申政變, the Gabshin Jeongbyeon), a military conflict between the Qing and Japan seemed imminent, and the Joseon king Gojong arranged this secret agreement with Russia, to ensure Joseon independence remain intact.
Through this secret agreement, Gojong not only tried to secure Russia’s protection of Joseon, but even pursued the option of Joseon becoming Russia’s protectorate. He understood (or rather misunderstood) the concept of ‘protectorate’ as a dependency or a semi-sovereign country, with limited independence as well as autonomy to a certain degree. Gojong’s request was based on such understanding, and was an attempt to not merely use Russia in Joseon’s dealing with the Qing(淸), but actually replace a former suzerain(Qing) with another prospective one(Russia) as well.
Gojong’s such request and offer to become a protectorate of a new suzerain actually reveals a perspective which was oblivious to the colonial nature of such relationship. It was essentially due to a lack of correct information or understanding of the concept, which led to the Joseon’s king mistaking ‘intermediation’ for ‘protection,’ and putting too much faith in Russia’s ‘protection’ of Bulgaria. As would be expected, Russia perceived Gojong’s request from a fairly different point of view. Already in the 17th century, Russia had ample experience in relevant matters, which came from turning Ukraine, the Buhara and Hiba Khanates of Central Asia, into protectorates. So naturally, Russia expected to acquire more than just an extension of influences to the Korean peninsula.
This discrepancy between Gojong’s stance and Russia’s was because their understanding of the concept of ‘protectorate’ was starkly different from each other to begin with. Gojong’s offer to become Russia’s protectorate was a very dangerous deal, which he only extended as he was neither well versed in international law nor well aware of the legal concepts related to the protectorate issue, unlike the Western world which already had solid understanding of the concept and had been putting it to use for quite some time.
Through this secret agreement, Gojong not only tried to secure Russia’s protection of Joseon, but even pursued the option of Joseon becoming Russia’s protectorate. He understood (or rather misunderstood) the concept of ‘protectorate’ as a dependency or a semi-sovereign country, with limited independence as well as autonomy to a certain degree. Gojong’s request was based on such understanding, and was an attempt to not merely use Russia in Joseon’s dealing with the Qing(淸), but actually replace a former suzerain(Qing) with another prospective one(Russia) as well.
Gojong’s such request and offer to become a protectorate of a new suzerain actually reveals a perspective which was oblivious to the colonial nature of such relationship. It was essentially due to a lack of correct information or understanding of the concept, which led to the Joseon’s king mistaking ‘intermediation’ for ‘protection,’ and putting too much faith in Russia’s ‘protection’ of Bulgaria. As would be expected, Russia perceived Gojong’s request from a fairly different point of view. Already in the 17th century, Russia had ample experience in relevant matters, which came from turning Ukraine, the Buhara and Hiba Khanates of Central Asia, into protectorates. So naturally, Russia expected to acquire more than just an extension of influences to the Korean peninsula.
This discrepancy between Gojong’s stance and Russia’s was because their understanding of the concept of ‘protectorate’ was starkly different from each other to begin with. Gojong’s offer to become Russia’s protectorate was a very dangerous deal, which he only extended as he was neither well versed in international law nor well aware of the legal concepts related to the protectorate issue, unlike the Western world which already had solid understanding of the concept and had been putting it to use for quite some time.
목차
머리말
1. 고종의 ‘피보호국화(被保護國化)’ 요청과 러시아의 수용적 진단
2. 고종의 ‘속국적 보호국(屬國的保護國)’ 인식과 한계
맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract
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