임제종과 조동종은 거의 동시대에 형성되었다. 당시 임제의현이 활동했던 하북은 안사의 난 이후 중앙세력과 대립이 심화되어 지방정권의 찬탈 교체가 잦았던 지역이었다. 대기대용(大機大用)으로 방할(棒喝)을 자유롭게 구사하며 살활(殺活) 자재하던 임제의 선기는 황벽의 간단명료한 심법을 계승하여 새로운 혁신적인 사상으로 군웅할거의 정치이념에 부합하여 주목을 받았다. 동산양개와 조산본적에 의해서 개창된 종파는 선비처럼 세심하게 회호(回互)와 불회호(不回互)의 논리로 다양한 선법을 펼쳤다. 동산이 주석하던 강남의 기후는 온화하고 평화로웠으며, 정치적으로는 안정된 체제를 유지하고 있었다. 동산 선법의 개연은 당시 많은 선사들을 참알(參謁)한 기연으로 개울을 건너다가 물속에 비친 자신의 모습에서 운암의 무정설법(無情說法)을 개오(開悟)한다. 임제종의 활발발한 선법은 살불살조(殺佛殺祖)의 단순 명확한 선기로 무위진인(無位眞人)에 이르고, 조동종은 세심하게 살피고 배려하면서 회호(回互)와 불회호(不回互)의 선기를 드러낸다. 그에 따라 학인을 제접하는 방식에 있어서도 차별이 나타난다. 본고에서는 임제종의 제접법으로서 사종근기(四種根器)와 사료간(四料簡)을 고찰하여 그 특질을 고찰하였고, 조동종의 제접법인 삼종삼루(三種?漏)를 고찰하면서 공통점과 차별을 살펴보았다. 또한 양종이 공통으로 설시(設施)하는 ‘사빈주(四賓主)’에 있어서 임제종은 ‘대기대용(大機大用)’의 입장에서 제시하지만, 조동종은 ‘체용(體用)’의 입장이 두드러짐을 고찰하였다. 이러한 차별은 바로 양종이 종풍의 차이로부터 출현한 것이라고 하겠다.
The Linji School and the Caodong School had been formed in the nearly same era. At the time, Hebei, where Linji Yixuan had done his activity, was a region where the replacement of the usurpation by the local government had been frequent because the opposition to the central power had been deepened after the An Lushan Rebellion. Regarding Seongi of Linji, who had freely murdered while freely having a command of the bonghal with daegidaeyong, he had received the attention by conforming to the political ideology of the rivalry of the local barons with a new, innovative thought by succeeding the method of using the mind, which was simple and clear, of Hwangbyeok. The denomination that had been re-established by Dongshan Liangjie and Josan Bonjeok had unfolded the diverse seon methods with the logic of hweho and non-hweho carefully like a classical scholar. The climate of Gangnam, where Dongsan had premiered, had been mild and peaceful. And, politically, the stable system had been maintained. The opening of the Dongsan seon method spiritually awakens the unorthodox method of Unam from his own appearance that was reflected on the water while crossing over a brook with the strange fate of the chamal regarding a lot of the Buddhist monks at the time. Regarding the Linji School, the lively seon method reaches the true human being with the simple, clear, and definite seongi of salbulsaljo. While carefully taking a look and considering, the Caodong School reveals the seongi of hweho and non-hweho. According to this, with regard to the method of treating the scholars, too, the discrimination appears. In this manuscript, as the method of the Linji School, by considering the sajonggeungi and the saryogan, the properties had been considered. And, while considering about the samjongsamru, which is the method of the Caodong School, I had taken a look at the commonalities and the discriminations. Also, with regard to sabinju, which both schools commonly instruct, although the Linji School presented from the position of the daegidaeyong, I had considered about the position of the thing and its functions of the Caodong School standing out. I can say that such a discrimination appeared from the difference of the spirit ethoses of the two schools, indeed.