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초록· 키워드
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Koryo-Mongol War lasted for 28 years from 1231(Go-jong 18) to 1259(Go-jong 46). In the meantime, however, the two countries did not stop negotiating for a peace treaty through correspondence. The treaty was not only for finalizing the war but was also aimed to build the long-term relationship between the two nations. Therefore, studies should focus on the negotiation process during the war, rather than the war itself, requiring a balanced and comprehensive perspective.
This paper traces the development of the peace negotiation during the early stage of Koryo-Mongol War(1231～1232) to examine Mongol"s intent of invasion and Koryo"s objectives in its resistance, and provide the future studies on the history of Koryo-Mongol relation with a starting point. First, Section 2 studies the negotiation process in order, during Mongol"s first invasion(August to December, 1231) and the additional negotiation after Mongol army`s retreat on January 1232. Section 3 explains the tension between Koryo and Mongol after the negotiation derailment on April 1232 and the negotiation process after Mongol"s second invasion.
The peace treaty developed over multiple stages. First, in the first invasion, Mongol besieged Gaegyeong and enforced the peace treaty conditioning on Koryo"s submission and providing tribute and hostage. But later, Mongol demanded additional requisitions of Darugachi and Koryo army after its retreat. Koryo asked for a reduction in its tribute but had to decide to relocate its capital to Ganghwa for resistance on Mongol"s rejection. This reveals that Koryo`s basic stance toward Mongol was the form of submission and tribute.
On the other hand, Mongol gradually increased its demands on Koryo. In addition to the requests for Koryo`s submission, tribute and hostage, it demanded Darugachi and additional military requisition, and next Koryo King"s Chinjo(visiting in person) and the census. It shows that Mongol`s traditional oppression on its occupied territories, `Yuk-sa`, began to apply to Koryo in 1232. However, `Yuk-sa` was not subject to the peace treaty because Koryo had already abandoned it and decided its capital relocation before it was even demanded. Mongol invaded Koryo for the second time, on the pretext of the capital relocation, but failed to enforce `Yuk-sa` on its defeat at Cheoyin Castle.
Koryo suspended the negotiation after its victory at Cheoyin Castle. It meant that Koryo would not accept any request from Mongol. But Mongol`s invasion continued, and so did the negotiation between the two nations until 1259. Meanwhile, Koryo`s main objective of the negotiation was submission and tribute, while Mongol tried to implement `Yuk-sa`. Therefore, the studies on their peace treaty have to be approached focusing on the convergence of two difference stances through the war and negotiation.
This paper traces the development of the peace negotiation during the early stage of Koryo-Mongol War(1231～1232) to examine Mongol"s intent of invasion and Koryo"s objectives in its resistance, and provide the future studies on the history of Koryo-Mongol relation with a starting point. First, Section 2 studies the negotiation process in order, during Mongol"s first invasion(August to December, 1231) and the additional negotiation after Mongol army`s retreat on January 1232. Section 3 explains the tension between Koryo and Mongol after the negotiation derailment on April 1232 and the negotiation process after Mongol"s second invasion.
The peace treaty developed over multiple stages. First, in the first invasion, Mongol besieged Gaegyeong and enforced the peace treaty conditioning on Koryo"s submission and providing tribute and hostage. But later, Mongol demanded additional requisitions of Darugachi and Koryo army after its retreat. Koryo asked for a reduction in its tribute but had to decide to relocate its capital to Ganghwa for resistance on Mongol"s rejection. This reveals that Koryo`s basic stance toward Mongol was the form of submission and tribute.
On the other hand, Mongol gradually increased its demands on Koryo. In addition to the requests for Koryo`s submission, tribute and hostage, it demanded Darugachi and additional military requisition, and next Koryo King"s Chinjo(visiting in person) and the census. It shows that Mongol`s traditional oppression on its occupied territories, `Yuk-sa`, began to apply to Koryo in 1232. However, `Yuk-sa` was not subject to the peace treaty because Koryo had already abandoned it and decided its capital relocation before it was even demanded. Mongol invaded Koryo for the second time, on the pretext of the capital relocation, but failed to enforce `Yuk-sa` on its defeat at Cheoyin Castle.
Koryo suspended the negotiation after its victory at Cheoyin Castle. It meant that Koryo would not accept any request from Mongol. But Mongol`s invasion continued, and so did the negotiation between the two nations until 1259. Meanwhile, Koryo`s main objective of the negotiation was submission and tribute, while Mongol tried to implement `Yuk-sa`. Therefore, the studies on their peace treaty have to be approached focusing on the convergence of two difference stances through the war and negotiation.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 몽골의 1차 침략과 강화의 성립
Ⅲ. 몽골의 2차 침략과 협상의 중단
Ⅳ. 맺음말
참고문헌
ABSTRACT
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2018-911-001912095